Reference
Guides
How a wattage recommendation is made: headroom, spikes, labels, and what a PC costs to run. The formulas are on the methodology page. RSS feed.
How much PSU headroom do you really need?
The 80% ceiling and the 50% efficiency size are different jobs.
Read the guideGPU transient spikes, explained
What the ATX design guide and the 12V-2x6 sense pins actually require.
Read the guideWhy brand PSU calculators overestimate
Adding two power limits and rounding up is a sales method.
Read the guideWhat PSU wattage the RTX 50 series actually needs
NVIDIA's system minimums beside WattWise totals for a Ryzen 7 9800X3D.
Read the guideHow to read a PSU label, including 12V-2x6
Continuous watts, the 12 V rail, and what the sense pins advertise.
Read the guideHow much does a gaming PC cost to run per month?
Watt-hours, the EIA residential average, and a custom rate.
Read the guide